Start Strong: Seven Study Habits for English Language Learners

Simple ways to study, remember new words, and feel ready for the school year.

The beginning of the school year is a fresh start. New classmates, new books, and new routines mean that school can feel exciting and hard at the same time.

The good news is this: you do not need to study for many hours all at once. It is better to use small, strong habits every day. Testing yourself, reviewing over time, and taking breaks can help you remember more than only rereading or highlighting. These habits can help you build confidence, learn vocabulary, and understand class lessons better.

1. Space Out Your Studying

Do not wait until the night before a test. Study a little bit frequently. For example, review new vocabulary on Monday, practice again on Wednesday, and quiz yourself on Friday. This helps your brain remember words and ideas for a longer time. Short study times are also less tiring.

2. Practice Active Recall

Reading your notes again can help, but it is not enough. Active recall means you close your book and try to remember. You can use flashcards, answer practice questions, or write what you remember on a blank page This is a great way to practice vocabulary, sentence patterns, and important class ideas.

3. Use the Pomodoro Technique

The Pomodoro Technique is simple. Study for 25 minutes. Then take a 5-minute break. During study time, choose one job, such as “learn 8 new words”. During the break, stand up, stretch, or drink water. This helps your brain stay fresh.

4. Teach the Material

One good way to check your understanding is to teach the lesson to someone else. You can explain it to a classmate, a family member, or even to yourself. Use simple English. If you cannot explain an idea, you will know what to study again.

5. Establish a Dedicated Study Routine

Try to study at the same time each day. A routine helps your brain know, “This is study time.” Choose a small goal before you begin. Instead of saying, “I will study English,” say, “I will practice 10 vocabulary words,” or “I will write five sentences using the past tense.” Small goals are easier to achieve.

6. Eliminate Distractions

It is hard to learn when your phone, games, or noise keep pulling your attention away. Put your phone in another room or turn on “Do Not Disturb.” Keep your study space clean. Put only the things you need on your desk: your book, notebook, pencil, and dictionary or translation tool if needed.

7. Prioritize Your Physical Health

Your body helps your brain learn. Try to sleep 7 to 9 hours each night. Sleep helps your brain save what you learned. It can also help to review new words or notes for a few minutes before bed. Eat healthy food, drink water, and move your body. A rested brain can focus better.

A Simple Plan for the First Month

Start small. Choose two habits this week, such as using flashcards and studying for 25 minutes. Next week, add one more habit. You do not have to be perfect. The goal is to practice often. Little by little, these habits will help you learn English, understand your classes, and feel ready for the school year.

Don’t forget, classes start _________!

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Simple Past vs. Present Perfect

Use the Simple Past when the action happened at a finished time in the past.

Ask yourself: When did it happen? If you can answer with a finished time (yesterday, last year, in 2020, two hours ago), use the Simple Past.

Subject + past tense verb

  • I visited Boston.
  • She bought a new phone.
  • They arrived late.

Common time expressions

  • yesterday
  • last week/month/year
  • in 2018
  • two days ago
  • this morning (if the morning is over)
  • when I was a child

Examples

  • I saw that movie yesterday.
  • We met in 2022.
  • She finished her homework an hour ago.

Use the Present Perfect when the exact time is not important or the action has a connection to the present.

Ask yourself: Is the result or experience important now? If yes, use the Present Perfect.

Subject + have/has + past participle

  • I have visited Boston.
  • She has bought a new phone.
  • They have arrived.

The Four Main Uses of the Present Perfect

1️⃣ The time doesn’t matter.

  • I have been to Japan.
  • She has never ridden a horse.
  • Have you ever eaten sushi?

2️⃣ An Action That Happened Recently

Usually with:Examples:
justI’ve just finished.
alreadyShe’s already left.
yetHave you eaten yet?

3️⃣ An Action That Started in the Past and Continues Now ( The action is still true now. )

Often with:Examples:
forI have lived here for ten years.
sinceShe has worked here since 2020.

4️⃣ A Past Action with a Present Result

Examples:

  • I’ve lost my keys.
    (I don’t have them now.)
  • She’s broken her leg.
    (Her leg is still broken.)
  • We’ve missed the bus.
    (We’re still waiting.)

The Golden Rule

Simple Past = Finished Time

When did it happen?

  • yesterday
  • last week
  • in 2015
  • two hours ago

Present Perfect = Unfinished Time or Present Connection

Has it happened before now?


Compare the Difference

Example one:

Simple PastPresent Perfect
I lost my keys yesterday.I’ve lost my keys.
(The time is important.)(The result is important—I can’t find them.)

Example two:

Simple PastPresent Perfect
Did you eat breakfast this morning?Have you eaten breakfast today?
(The morning is finished.)(Today is not finished.)

Example three:

Simple PastPresent Perfect
She worked here from 2018 to 2022.She has worked here since 2018.
(She doesn’t work here anymore.)(She still works here.)

Signal Words

Simple PastPresent Perfect
yesterdayever
last…never
agoalready
in ( 2010 )yet
when I was…just
thensince
beforefor
afterrecently
If you see one of these, the Simple Past is almost always correct.lately
so far
up to now
this week (if the week isn’t over)
today (if today isn’t over)

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Grow as a Writer at University Settlement

Do you enjoy writing? Do you want to get better and feel more confident? The Advanced Writing Class at University Settlement is a welcoming place for you. It is open to anyone who loves writing and wants to improve. In this class, people learn together, share ideas, and support each other as writers.

The class is taught by a professor from New York University (NYU). NYU is a respected university with a strong writing program. This means students can learn from an experienced teacher who can help them grow, improve their skills, and try new ways of writing.

At the end of the year, students have the special chance to see their work published in a collection of writing. This is a proud moment for many writers. It is also a wonderful way to celebrate each person’s hard work, progress, and voice.

If you or someone you know may be interested, please reach out to the Adult Literacy office at the beginning of the school year. We would love to welcome new writers into our community. Whether you have been writing for years or are just starting again, this class is a place to learn, connect, and grow.

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Summer Reading

      

For many of us, summer is the time when we have more time for ourselves. No classes, no rushed schedule of school, kids and work. Things move at a slower pace, maybe it’s the heat of a NYC summer, but maybe it’s just all of us taking the time to slow down a little, a change from the busy-ness of the rest of the year. What’s better to do with this found time than read a book? Or read several books?

First things first! Get a library card! 

If you’re 13 or older, and live, work, attend, or pay property taxes in NY State, you are eligible for a card. Your card can be physical or digital.

https://www.nypl.org/help/library-card

If you prefer to complete the application for a physical library card in person, please visit an NYPL location with proof of ID and address. Find a location near you.

The New York Public Library even has a special card for this year!

With thanks to the New York Times, University Settlement has prepared a reading challenge list:

📖 ☐ Read a really short book.
📘 ☐ Read a really long book.
🕵️ ☐ Read a mystery book.
🎬 ☐ Read a book that’s been adapted for a movie.
☀️ ☐ Read a book that takes place in the summer.
🎧 ☐ Listen to an audiobook.  

READ A BOOK RECOMMENDED BY A LIBRARIAN!

Audiobook suggestion: Wahala, Nikki May

Happy Reading!  Enjoy your book choices!

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Adjective Order

What does OSASCOMP mean?

It stands for:

Our Silly Aunt Sally Can Only Make Pancakes.

or

Orange Skies And Shady Clouds Over My Pillows

Vocabulary:

Mnemonic: n., (pronounced ni-ˈmä-nik) a pattern of words or initials to help you remember something.

Origin: n., where something comes from.

But it ALSO means something else.  It’s a mnemonic to help you remember correct adjective order in English!

In English, we describe things in a certain order.

Like this:

Opinion – Size – Age – Shape – Color – Origin – Material – Purpose

This is useful to know when you are using several adjectives together:

That beautiful tiny new table. Or:  The round French wooden dining table.

When you are only using two adjectives to describe one thing, it’s generally correct to order them from general (opinion) to specific:

The delicious Mexican dinner.

Listen carefully to native speakers in conversation, television shows, and movies to learn how to use adjectives naturally.

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Grammar: The Past Perfect Tense

What is the Past Perfect Tense and why do we use it?

The past perfect tense is used to talk about an action that happened before another action in the past.

Structure:

had + past participle

The past participle is usually the same as the past tense for regular verbs (e.g., walked, played), but can be different for irregular verbs (e.g., eaten, gone, seen).

“had” stays the same for all subjects (I, you, he, she, etc.).

Why Use the Past Perfect? 🤷‍♂️

It helps show what happened first in the past when there are two past actions.

compare:

Past Simple only:
I left when he came.
(Not clear which happened first.)



Past Perfect + Past Simple:
I had left when he came.
(Now it’s clear: I left before he came.)

Here Are Some Common Words with Past Perfect: before, after, when, already, just, never

Example One:

She had finished her homework before she ate dinner.
First she finished her homework, then she ate dinner.

Example Two:

By the time I arrived at the station, my train had already left.
First the train left the station, then I arrived at the station (late) 😢

Test yourself: Quiz time

1.By the time we arrived at the theater, the movie _____. 🍿

A. started
B. was starting
C. had started
D. has started

2. She was tired because she _____ all night. 🥱

A. worked
B. had worked
C. has worked
D. works

3. After he _____ lunch, he went out for a walk. 🚶

A. had eaten
B. was eating
C. eats
D. ate

4. They _____ the bus before we got to the stop. 🚏 🚍

A. had missed
B. miss
C. missed
D. were missing

5. I didn’t want to watch the movie again because I _____ it already. 🚫 📽️

A. see
B. was seeing
C. had seen
D. have seen

Answers: 1) C. had started 2) B. had worked 3) A. had eaten 4) A. had missed 5) C. had seen

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Parts of Speech in Grammar

Word class, also known as parts of speech, just means the type of word (noun, verb, adjective, etc.). Some words represent things, others represent actions, and some are just for description. It’s important to know parts of speech in grammar because different word classes have different rules.

  • Noun—represents people, places, things, and concepts
  • Verb—represents actions
  • Adjective—describes nouns
  • Adverb—describes verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs
  • Pronoun—represents other nouns to save time
  • Auxiliary verb (helper verb)—a special type of verb used in supportive roles like conjugation
  • Preposition—shows relationships of direction, time, location, and space
  • Determiner—identifies characteristics of a noun and is necessary in certain grammar situations
  • Conjunction—joins together other words, phrases, or clauses
  • Interjection—expresses sudden feelings to mimic speech in writing (used informally)

Example: Wow, he has quickly grown into a beautiful and healthy cat!

InterjectionWow,
Pronounhe
Auxiliary verbhas
Adverbquickly
Verbgrown
Prepositioninto
Determinera
Adjectivebeautiful
Conjunctionand
Adjectivehealthy
Nouncat!

Source – https://www.grammarly.com/blog/test-grammar-prep/

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