INDIGENOUS PEOPLES’ DAY

VOCABULARY:

invade – v., to take over a land or territory

violently – adv., to do something with force and anger

flourished – v., to thrive, to grow well

harmony – n., getting along, working together

tribes – n., groups of people who share a culture

throughout – prep., all over, everywhere

colonize – v., to take control of a new place

concern – n., caring, wanting someone to feel safe or feel better

dominance – n. control, authority

Indigenous – adj., being the people who originally lived in a region

proclaim – v., to announce for the public to know

resilience – n, able to recover quickly from difficulty

determination to preserve – expression, to have a firm goal to protect something

campaign – n., a series of planned actions to reach a goal

displacement – n, forced out of a home territory

assimilation – n., when minority groups absorb the characteristics of the dominant culture

What, exactly, is this day? It is a day to remember and honor the Native Americans, the people who lived here long before white settlers invaded and violently took their land.

Over 400 years ago, a peaceful society flourished in the Americas. The Native Americans lived with each other and in harmony with nature. They worshiped the earth and the sky, and took good care of their children and their elders. There were many different tribes of Native Americans throughout what is now the United States.

Europeans arrived after Columbus’ discovery of North America and soon colonized the new country. They did this without respect or concern for the people who were here before them. Terrible fights between the white people and the Native Americans led to white dominance over the lands that had belonged to the tribes.

President Biden, in 2021, became the first U.S. president to recognize Indigenous Peoples’ Day officially.

He proclaimed the second Monday in October as a day to honor Native Americans, their β€œresilience and strength” and determination to preserve β€œland, language, spirit, knowledge, and tradition,” even as they have faced a β€œcenturies-long campaign of violence, displacement, assimilation, and terror,” he said.

with thanks and acknowledgement to NPR:

https://www.npr.org/2021/10/11/1044823626/indigenous-peoples-day-native-americans-columbus

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Start Strong: Seven Study Habits for English Language Learners

Simple ways to study, remember new words, and feel ready for the school year.

The beginning of the school year is a fresh start. New classmates, new books, and new routines mean that school can feel exciting and hard at the same time.

The good news is this: you do not need to study for many hours all at once. It is better to use small, strong habits every day. Testing yourself, reviewing over time, and taking breaks can help you remember more than only rereading or highlighting. These habits can help you build confidence, learn vocabulary, and understand class lessons better.

1. Space Out Your Studying

Do not wait until the night before a test. Study a little bit frequently. For example, review new vocabulary on Monday, practice again on Wednesday, and quiz yourself on Friday. This helps your brain remember words and ideas for a longer time. Short study times are also less tiring.

2. Practice Active Recall

Reading your notes again can help, but it is not enough. Active recall means you close your book and try to remember. You can use flashcards, answer practice questions, or write what you remember on a blank page This is a great way to practice vocabulary, sentence patterns, and important class ideas.

3. Use the Pomodoro Technique

The Pomodoro Technique is simple. Study for 25 minutes. Then take a 5-minute break. During study time, choose one job, such as β€œlearn 8 new words”. During the break, stand up, stretch, or drink water. This helps your brain stay fresh.

4. Teach the Material

One good way to check your understanding is to teach the lesson to someone else. You can explain it to a classmate, a family member, or even to yourself. Use simple English. If you cannot explain an idea, you will know what to study again.

5. Establish a Dedicated Study Routine

Try to study at the same time each day. A routine helps your brain know, β€œThis is study time.” Choose a small goal before you begin. Instead of saying, β€œI will study English,” say, β€œI will practice 10 vocabulary words,” or β€œI will write five sentences using the past tense.” Small goals are easier to achieve.

6. Eliminate Distractions

It is hard to learn when your phone, games, or noise keep pulling your attention away. Put your phone in another room or turn on β€œDo Not Disturb.” Keep your study space clean. Put only the things you need on your desk: your book, notebook, pencil, and dictionary or translation tool if needed.

7. Prioritize Your Physical Health

Your body helps your brain learn. Try to sleep 7 to 9 hours each night. Sleep helps your brain save what you learned. It can also help to review new words or notes for a few minutes before bed. Eat healthy food, drink water, and move your body. A rested brain can focus better.

A Simple Plan for the First Month

Start small. Choose two habits this week, such as using flashcards and studying for 25 minutes. Next week, add one more habit. You do not have to be perfect. The goal is to practice often. Little by little, these habits will help you learn English, understand your classes, and feel ready for the school year.

Don’t forget, classes start the week of September 19th!

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Hands writing notes in a lined journal with a pen on a wooden table

Grow as a Writer at University Settlement

Do you enjoy writing? Do you want to get better and feel more confident? The Advanced Writing Class at University Settlement is a welcoming place for you. It is open to anyone who loves writing and wants to improve. In this class, people learn together, share ideas, and support each other as writers.

The class is taught by a professor from New York University (NYU). NYU is a respected university with a strong writing program. This means students can learn from an experienced teacher who can help them grow, improve their skills, and try new ways of writing.

At the end of the year, students have the special chance to see their work published in a collection of writing. This is a proud moment for many writers. It is also a wonderful way to celebrate each person’s hard work, progress, and voice.

If you or someone you know may be interested, please reach out to the Adult Literacy office at the beginning of the school year. We would love to welcome new writers into our community. Whether you have been writing for years or are just starting again, this class is a place to learn, connect, and grow.

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Stack of vintage hardcover books arranged on a wooden table indoors

Summer Reading

      

For many of us, summer is the time when we have more time for ourselves. No classes, no rushed schedule of school, kids and work. Things move at a slower pace, maybe it’s the heat of a NYC summer, but maybe it’s just all of us taking the time to slow down a little, a change from the busy-ness of the rest of the year. What’s better to do with this found time than read a book? Or read several books?

First things first! Get a library card! 

If you’re 13 or older, and live, work, attend, or pay property taxes in NY State, you are eligible for a card. Your card can be physical or digital.

https://www.nypl.org/help/library-card

If you prefer to complete the application for a physical library card in person, please visit an NYPL location with proof of ID and address. Find a location near you.

The New York Public Library even has a special card for this year!

With thanks to the New York Times, University Settlement has prepared a reading challenge list:

πŸ“– ☐ Read a really short book.
πŸ“˜ ☐ Read a really long book.
πŸ•΅οΈΒ β˜ Read a mystery book.
🎬 ☐ Read a book that’s been adapted for a movie.
β˜€οΈ ☐ Read a book that takes place in the summer.
🎧 ☐ Listen to an audiobook.  

READ A BOOK RECOMMENDED BY A LIBRARIAN!

Audiobook suggestion: Wahala, Nikki May

Happy Reading!  Enjoy your book choices!

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Memorial Day

Key Vocabulary

  • (to) Honor (verb): To show deep respect or admiration for someone or something.
  • (to) Mourn (verb): To feel or express deep sadness, especially because of someone’s death.
  • (to) Serve (verb): To perform duties for a person, group, or countryβ€”especially in the military.
  • Communities (noun, plural): Groups of people living in the same area or having common interests.
  • Graves (noun, plural): Places in the ground where people are buried after death.
  • Recognition (noun): The act of acknowledging or honoring something or someone.
  • Solemn (adjective): Serious, respectful, and often sad or reflective in tone or mood.
  • Remembrance (noun): The act of remembering or honoring the memory of someone or something.
  • Marks (verb): Indicates or shows something significant; to signal or commemorate an occasion.
  • Unofficial (adjective): Not formally recognized or authorized, but commonly accepted or understood.
  • Associated with (verb phrase): Connected or linked to something in meaning, use, or relationship.

Memorial Day is a United States federal holiday for honoring and mourning military service members who died while serving in the U.S. Armed Forces. It is observed annually on the last Monday of May.

Originally known as Decoration Day, the holiday began on May 30, 1868, when communities decorated the graves of Civil War soldiers with flowers and flags. Although several towns claimed to be its birthplace, the holiday gained national recognition after General John A. Logan of the Grand Army of the Republic issued a proclamation establishing it, which lead to its nationwide observance.

In 1968, Congress passed the Uniform Monday Holiday Act, which moved Memorial Day from May 30 to the last Monday in May, creating a three-day weekend for federal employees.

Note the riderless horse, with boots turned backwards. This is a symbol of a fallen soldier, who will never ride again.

Today, Memorial Day is observed across the country through visits to cemeteries and memorials, the placement of flags and flowers on military graves, and community parades and ceremonies that honor fallen service members.

While it remains a solemn day of remembrance, Memorial Day also marks the unofficial start of summer, often associated with cookouts, retail sales, and travel.

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Adjective Order

What does OSASCOMP mean?

It stands for:

Our Silly Aunt Sally Can Only Make Pancakes.

or

Orange Skies And Shady Clouds Over My Pillows

Vocabulary:

Mnemonic: n., (pronounced ni-ˈmÀ-nik) a pattern of words or initials to help you remember something.

Origin: n., where something comes from.

But it ALSO means something else.  It’s a mnemonic to help you remember correct adjective order in English!

In English, we describe things in a certain order.

Like this:

Opinion – Size – Age – Shape – Color – Origin – Material – Purpose

This is useful to know when you are using several adjectives together:

That beautiful tiny new table. Or:  The round French wooden dining table.

When you are only using two adjectives to describe one thing, it’s generally correct to order them from general (opinion) to specific:

The delicious Mexican dinner.

Listen carefully to native speakers in conversation, television shows, and movies to learn how to use adjectives naturally.

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A-Z Spring Wβ˜€οΈrd List

A – April (noun) 🌦️
The fourth month of the year, often associated with springtime weather.Β 

B – Bloom (verb) 🌸 🌹
To produce flowers.

C – Cherry blossoms (noun) 🌺
The pink or white flowers of cherry trees, commonly seen in early spring.Β 

D – Daffodils (noun) 🌼
Bright yellow or white trumpet-shaped flowers that bloom in early spring.

E – Easter (noun) 🐣 🐰
A spring holiday celebrating renewal and, in Christianity, the resurrection of Jesus.Β 

F – Flowers (noun) πŸ’ πŸͺ»
The colorful, often fragrant reproductive parts of plants that bloom in spring.

G – Garden (noun) 🌻 🌱 πŸ₯¬
A space for growing plants, flowers, or vegetables.

H – Honeybee (noun) 🐝
A flying insect that collects nectar and helps pollinate plants.Β 

I – Insect (noun) πŸͺ² 🐜 πŸͺ°
A
small animal with six legs, a body divided into three parts (head, thorax, and abdomen), and typically one or two pairs of wings.

J – Jump (verb) 🀸
To push oneself off the ground into the air using the legs.Β 

K – Kite (noun) πŸͺ
A lightweight object flown in the air on a string, often for fun on windy days.Β 

L – Lamb (noun) πŸ‘
A young sheep, often born in spring.Β 

M – Migration (noun) πŸ•ŠοΈ πŸ¦†
The seasonal movement of animals, especially birds, from one region to another.Β 

N – Nest (noun) πŸͺΊ 🐣 πŸͺΉ
A structure built by birds to lay eggs and raise young.

O – Outdoors (noun) 🌳 🌲 🌞
The open air or natural environment.

P – Picnic (noun) 🧺 🍷 πŸ₯ͺ
A meal eaten outside, especially in a park or natural setting.

Q – Quack (noun/verb) πŸ¦†
(Noun)
The sound a duck makes.
(Verb) To make the sound of a duck.Β 

R – Rainbow (noun) 🌈
Bands of colors in the sky caused by sunlight and rain.

S – Sunshine (noun) β˜€οΈ
Β Light and warmth from the sun.Β 

T – Tulip (noun) 🌷
A brightly colored, cup-shaped flower that blooms in early to mid-spring.Β 

U – Umbrella (noun) β˜”
A tool used to protect yourself from rain or strong sun.

V – Vibrant (adjective) ✨ 🌸 🌈
Full of energy and life; bright and striking in appearance.

W – Warmth (noun) πŸ”†
A comfortable temperature, often associated with spring’s rising temperatures.Β 

X – Xylem (noun) 🌱
Plant tissue that carries water from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Y – Yellow (adjective/noun) πŸ’›
Β (Adjective) A bright color often seen in spring flowers.
Β (Noun) The color itself.

Z – Zinnia (noun) 🌼
A bright, hardy flower that blooms in late spring and summer.Β 

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